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Bill of lading types explained: original B/L, telex release, sea waybill and house B/L
The differences between original bills of lading, telex release, sea waybills, master and house bills of lading, when to use each and the release risks.
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An original bill of lading is a document of title, and the consignee collects the goods with the original. Telex release means the origin port takes back the originals and tells the destination port to release on the telex notice, which is faster. A sea waybill is not a document of title; the consignee collects by proving identity. A master B/L is issued by the shipping line, a house B/L by the forwarder. Which to use depends on whether payment is settled and how far you trust the buyer.
Information updated: 2026-10-03
Bill of lading types compared
| Type | Document of title? | How goods are collected | Best for |
|---|---|---|---|
| Original B/L | Yes | Against the original B/L | Balance not yet paid, letter of credit deals |
| Telex release B/L | Originals surrendered at origin | Against the telex release notice | Payment settled, faster collection wanted |
| Sea waybill | No | Consignee proves identity | Long-term partners, related companies |
| Master B/L (MBL) | Yes | Issued by the shipping line | Booking directly with the shipping line |
| House B/L (HBL) | Yes | Issued by the forwarder | LCL or booking through a forwarder |
How the seller protects payment
- Don't agree to a telex release or sea waybill while the balance is unpaid.
- Confirm the buyer has paid before sending the original B/L.
- In letter of credit deals, prepare documents strictly as the L/C requires.
What the buyer should watch
- Check that the consignee and notify party on the B/L match the clearance details.
- Couriering original B/Ls takes time; plan ahead so the goods don't arrive before the documents.
- For imports into Nigeria, show the Form M number on the B/L as required.